Neutrino - definition of a neutrino

Neutrino - definition of a neutrino Definition: The neutrino is an elementary particle which holds no electrical charge, travels at nearly the speed of light, and passes through ordinary matter with virtually no interaction. Neutrinos are created as part of radioactive decay. This decay was observed in 1896 by Henri Bacquerel, when he noted that certain atoms seem to emit electrons (a process known as beta decay). In 1930, Wolfgang Pauli proposed an explanation for where these electrons could have come from without violating conservation laws, but it involved the presence of a very light, uncharged particle emitted simultaneously during the decay. Neutrinos are produced through radioactive interactions, such as solar fusion, supernovae, radioactive decay, and when cosmic rays collide with the Earths atmosphere. It was Enrico Fermi who developed a more complete theory of neutrino interactions and who coined the term neutrino for these particles. A group of researchers discovered the neutrino in 1956, a finding which later earned them the 1995 Nobel Prize in Physics. There are actually three types of neutrino: electron neutrino, muon neutrino, and tau neutrino. These names come from the their partner particle under the Standard Model of particle physics. The muon neutrino was discovered in 1962 (and earned a Nobel Prize in 1988, 7 years before the earlier discovery of the electron neutrino earned one.) Early predictions indicated that the neutrino may have had no mass, but later examinations have indicated that it has a very small amount of mass, but not zero mass. The neutrino has a half-integer spin, so it is a fermion. It is an electronically neutral lepton, so it interacts through neither the strong nor electromagnetic forces, but only through the weak interaction. Pronunciation: new-tree-no Also Known As: Electron NeutrinoMuon NeutrinoTau Neutrino

The debasement of the coinage Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The debasement of the coinage - Research Paper Example Coins have been used as collectors’ items and mediums of expression, but largely used as currency since historical times. Historical minting techniques are still being used, though nowadays people leverage on technology for efficiency. Precious metals and mints require techniques used to ensure that the value of the constituent precious metal does not exceed the face value of the coin. Understanding these techniques plays a critical role in understanding inflation control. Introduction The use of precious metals as a medium of exchange is said to have began in Egypt, though this took the form of rings, wafers and bars.According to Vincent Lannoye, Lydia, nowadays referred to as Turkey, was the first smelter of small ingots having a royal seal to certify legality and weight (19). Rulers quickly integrated these micro-ingots into their economies. The Lydian people accepted payments in electrum metal, which is an alloy of gold and natural silver. These micro-ingots developed into coins that were minted by masculine men who could strike blank discs to leave engravings that certified the origin of the coins. Through the centuries, coin making, referred to as coinage, improved fast. More regular coins became available through the replacement of the bank discs with regular laminated metal plates. Later, quasi-uniform coins came into existence with the replacement of the hammer with the screw-press and furthered the adoption of the rolling-press, which was rotated by horse power. Minting Minting of coins has been a precise and well-guarded function of selected mints commissioned and governed by respective authorities in various countries. From the outset, the minting procedure involved producing precise blanks with defined weights and composition and producing coin-striking tools. Principally, these requirements still hold from historical times, as observed by the Marshall Cavendish Corporation, only that the methods have been improving with technical progress a nd industrialization (507). Historically, the Lydian people poured the molten electrum into suitable forms, starting from simple moulds to more complicated ones. In the 16th Century, the thickness of metal sheets was reduced through hammering with the blanks cut out using shears, then filed and hammered to the desired thickness and weight. The period about 1550 saw a German silversmith, known as Marx Schwab, invent screw pressing. This involved two heavy iron screws pressing the coin metal so as to achieve the desired thickness. Roller-mills facilitated the production of uniform metal strips from which metal punches cut the blanks (Christopher Howgego 76). The mechanized form of this technique still finds application in modern coin minting. The Industrial Age discovery since 1830 allowed hundreds of circulation coins to be produced in a minute, with modern mechanical mints adopting even faster speeds. Therefore, the United States Mint, the manufacturer and distributor of American co ins, has its modern process borrowed from this history. The mint punches blanks from coiled metal strips, referred to as blanking. This would then be softened through heating in an annealing furnace, and then taken through a washer and dryer. The blanks then pass through an upsetting mill onto a coining press that stamps the inscriptions and designs to guarantee genuineness. The resultant coins would then be inspected for quality, counted and bagged. Governments have throughout the history supplied more coins than would be possible if the coins were made of pure precious metals. Normally, some portion of the precious metal used to make the coin would be replaced by a base metal. Howgego states that copper and nickel are some of the commonly used base metals (43). This in turn reduces the intrinsic value of the coin, referred to as â€Å"debasing.† This way, authorities produce a lot more coins that it would have been otherwise possible. C. E. Challis observes that the coins i n circulation could have fiat values lower than the

Lunch With the Theorists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Lunch With the Theorists - Essay Example As a nursing theorist, Hildegard told us that people with schizophrenia suffer from communicating with others. Communication is a struggle for a lot of people with schizophrenia. Some individuals do not have the drive of communicating, while others do not have the self-belief to communicate what they have in mind. Some individuals experience illusions or hallucinations, which affects how they communicate with others. Hildegard believes that it is essential to have a good nurse-client association to be capable of successfully relating with patients who have mental disorders. To assist these individuals relate well with other, Hildegard stated that it is essential to give them adequate time to make themselves heard. It is also vital to let them recognize that the society accepts them along with their illness. Carl Rogers, on the other hand, incorporated as humanistic approach to schizophrenia. He believes that schizophrenia is a crucial case that should be viewed differently from other cases of mental disorders. The humanistic approach, his own exceptional techniques to understanding human relationships and personality, found wide application in numerous domains for instance client-centered therapy (psychotherapy and counseling), student-centered learning (education) and organizations, along with other group settings. Carl Rogers believed that it is essential to know the person’s identity and personality among other factors in order to assist a patient with schizophrenia, it is essential to know the person’s identity and personality among other factors. Piaget, finally, talked about the cognition perspective of a patient with schizophrenia. He considers these patients to be crucial elements of a society. It is the psychology of a mentally ill person to not be ignored by others. Mentally ill individuals need to be given attention. They also require understanding. Piaget says that he has dealt

Learning to look Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Learning to look - Essay Example For instance, the pixelated image is pushed to the greater part of the lower left corner, leaving a smaller edge on the upper right corner of the image for the print message. A closer look also indicates some form of harmony in the image. For instance, the pixelated part is seen to be the image of a building. To create harmony, the letters on the upper right corner are also fashioned in a way to also reproduce the image. There is also some rhythm in the image achieved through the repetition of the P-shaped figures in the pixelated part of the design. However, the image lacks motion as well as focus due to the fact that it does not have a basic or obvious flow of direction. The most striking thing about this ad is its lack of attractive colour. The designer uses an image which has been pixelated thus making the image and the whole advert in essence less attractive. In this regard, the advert may be criticised in terms of its ability to attract the audience since people seem to be attracted towards crystal-clear images and warm colours. The advert is geared towards generating curiosity as opposed to any other emotion. In this regard, it has used elements which leave the person wanting to know more. A pixelated image is an icon of hidden details and in this case, it shows that there are hidden details which the individual needs to know. The advert is geared towards getting the individual to log into a certain website and thus its ability to cause the curiosity is important. It offers little detail as to what it is talking about, only giving the reader an opportunity to explore their curiosity in order to guarantee that the audience will be provoked to vi sit the website. This method is becoming a modern way of advertising because unlike in earlier days, today’s businesses or any advertising parties have websites where the audience can get more information as well as engage them. The context of the ad is also important in deterring the design.

The Change Integrated Resorts Industry Tourism Essay

The Change Integrated Resorts Industry Tourism Essay To find out the change that has been created by integrated resorts like Marina Bay Sands and Resort World Sentosa on Singapore from a tourism perspective To analyse the change created by integrated resorts like Marina Bay Sands and Resort World Sentosa on the Singapore economy To investigate how Integrated Resorts help Singapore compete as a brand with other countries To understand how in a short span of time since its opening has Marina Bay Sands become the face of Singapore. To analyse the challenges that Integrated resorts are providing to conventional hotels. HYPOTHESIS NULL HYPOTHESIS The entry of integrated resorts has created no impact on the Singapore hospitality industry. ALTERNATE HYPOTHESIS The entry of integrated resorts has created an impact on the Singapore hospitality industry. BACKGROUND OF THE PROPOSED RESEARCH BRIEF INTRODUCTION Any country that is emphasising on tourism has to focus till a great extent on hospitality and on hotels per say. The world hotel scenario has been changing rapidly and the countries are now starting to develop a competitive spirit so as to create a higher brand name for themselves as compared to other countries. In Singapore itself the hotel industry has a market size of US $ 4,047.9 mn. Now with the rise in global trends for both gaming and tourism the two industries have merged together and come out as one unit. This unit known as integrated resorts are holding on to the interest of many investors. Countries across the globe are investing in these projects. In the Asian market, integrated resorts have already entered areas like Hong-Kong, Macau, Thailand, Bali, Singapore, Vietnam etc. Singapore and all the other countries are in strong competition with cities like Macau which currently holds the maximum number of integrated gaming resorts. Singapore however is lagging behind with only two integrated resorts and is on par with Vietnam but behind major players like Macau, Cambodia and South Korea. In the year 2010 Singapore came up with two of its integrated resorts which were expected to create a change in the market scenario for Singapore in the future. These resorts were Marina Bay Sands and Resort World Sentosa. The reasons for them to come up with these resorts were as follows:- Since 1991 a change had been observed. Singapore which is a major tourist destination has seen a decline in tourist activities. Where on an average a tourist use to spend 4 days in Singapore before, it had now dropped down to 3days. While other major competitors had not seen the same fall. Like in the case of Hong-Kong that still showed an average of 4 days Other cities were growing their customer attractions like Kaula Lumpur got the Kaula Lumpur city center and Hong-Kong had Disneyland. The need to tap the rising middle class community in growing markets such as China and India. With growing levels of disposable income the global tourism rate had also seen a rise. Thus, the Singapore government decided to open two integrated resorts one at the bay sands area and one in Sentosa. For both these resorts they received a lot of bids. And finally the bids were narrowed down to Las Vegas Sands company for Marina Bay Sands and Genting group for Resort World Sentosa. Marina Bay Sands is a luxurious in all its aspects. It consists of 2600 hotel rooms, a four floor casino, a sky park consisting of infinity pool, gardens and spa and 250 meeting rooms which can accommodate upto 45,000 delegates. It also boasts of excellent restaurants and branded stores like Louis Vuitton to Chanel in their floating crystal pavilion. It also has a 200 seater theatre and an arts and science museum. On the other hand, the other integrated resort of Singapore- Resort World Sentosa is more family oriented. It comprises of six hotels- the festive hotel, hard rock hotel, Equarius hotel, Crockfords hotel, hotel Michael and spa villas. All these together make upto 1750 rooms. They also boast of 10 restaurants. It also has a spa, a water park, Universal studios and meeting rooms that can accommodate around 35,000 people. With both these resorts government hoped for an increase in investments and 0.3% to 1.8% increase in GDP by 2015. With this a rise in tourist activities was also expected. It was also expected to increase the job market in Singapore proving more employment opportunities. RATIONALE FOR THE CHOICE OF RESEARCH TOPIC The impact of integrated resorts after they have been opened to the tourists on Singapore has not been delved into extensively. The resorts have created a name for itself and become the recognition point for Singapore in a very short period of time. Marina Bay Sands has become the face of Singapore along with the Merlion and Singapore Flyer. Thus, we have chosen this topic as it has further scope of research. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK IDENTIFICATION OF KEY CONCEPTS The project extensively belongs to the hospitality industrys hotel sector. We have further narrowed this topic down to integrated resorts. The basic topic of research is integrated resorts and its impact on Singapore. The two integrated resorts present in Singapore- Marina Bay Sands and Resort World Sentosa, have created a name for itself. They have become major tourist destination and sight-seeing spots for both the localities as well as foreigners. These resorts have won awards and have become brand icon for Singapore. The factors that have caused them to create such a change in the hotel sector of Singapore is what we want to understand. Further we want to understand, in detail, the expectations that were levied on this resort and what they have been able to achieve. Thus the key concepts that are relevant to this research topic are:- Introduction of Marina Bay sands and facilities provided by it: Marina Bay Sands is one of the most exquisite hotels in Singapore and it is well renowned for the variety of facilities that it provides. From a hospitality perspective, these facilities tend to make the place a very compelling one from the perspective of tourists. Some of these facilities include but are not limited to the Sands Sky Park which is an awe inspiring place that seems like an absolute paradise in the sky. Then there are banyan tree spas, club facilities as well as its well-equipped fitness centre. The airports pick up and drop service is very convenient for local as well as international tourists. A variety of brands make shopping at Marina Bay Sands an experience in itself. Last but not the least is the light show called Wonder Full which is a nice addition to what is already a terrific experience overall. Introduction of Resort World and facilities provided by it Business centre A unique blend of style and innovation is what describes the Business centre at the Resort World. The Business centre provides the following amenities Corporate meetings Press Conference Product launches Inmate dinner parties Banquets Swimming world The free form pool along with beach bar concepts decorated along the lines with the swaying palms provides a top of the line amenity system top notching standards of ordinary swimming experience in hotels. Additional features like volleyball court, vibrant music, and different choices of drinks and cocktails just bring the icing with the cherry. Gym A 24hr gym with glass and mirrored wall brings a vibrant change in the feeling of the working out. State of the art equipments makes the feeling of gym as fun rather than a task. Rock shop For all the rock lovers, the hard rock hotel provides band t-shirts, souvenirs that people can take back home, caps and pins. Compass ballroom With a seating arrangement of 7300 people and 26 conference rooms, the compass ballroom below the underneath the Hard Rock hotel is diamonds worth in every way. For a hotel to allocate such large space only for entertainment of the customers truly states how integration has truly coming into Resort world group of hotels. Kids Club Business Executives are not just the traditional males anymore. More and more females have started occupying space at the top of the level in the pyramid. The task of handling kids and attending business meets have always been a challenge for female executives or single fathers. Gaming zone State of the art gaming zone for game lovers to enjoy and play latest single player games, simulator based games. Casino Something that attracts more customers and brings the highest revenue to a hotel is the casino. Resort world provides one of the best and the latest structure casino floors. As the belief goes a game does not drive the player to gamble its the ambience that pulls them towards the table. Hotel scenario in Singapore before and after the entry of integrated resorts: As stated earlier, the entry of integrated resorts had made a major difference to the tourist experience at Singapore. The concentrated efforts of the Singapore Tourism Board have added a completely new dimension to the industry as a whole. Where at first there used to be single hotels and tourism was stagnant, now there exists a boutique of experiences that have magnified the beauty of Singapore. This transformation can be well indicated by the fact that the Singapore hotel industry wasnt even affected remotely by the global economic crisis. Economic impact created by integrated resorts With the opening of the Integrated Resorts in the year 2010, the yearly tourist arrivals hit an all-time high of 11 Million, with even monthly arrivals from January to December recording record highs. As of now, the MBS casino sees at an average 25000 customers a day, with only a third of them comprising of locals. Singapore managed to rake in 18.8 Billion Dollars via tourism receipts in the year 2010, which was its highest collection in 10 years. This was a 49% increase from the previous forecasts, a stupendous rise indeed. These receipts included the tourist expenses in the admission, dining and shopping areas. There has been an increase in visitors especially from countries like China, Indonesia and India. To conclude, one may say that the arrival of tourists has greatly affected Singapore and increased its revenues greatly. 60,000 jobs have been created in the integrated resorts industry leading to a 1 to 1.5% increase of the gross domestic product. Creation of brand image and adding value to Singapore brand The tourism industry has become a brand in itself over the years, and has played a critical role in the development of Singapore. Integrated Resorts have played a major role in this process, as the variety of services that they provide add to making Singapore a huge attraction to tourists across the world. It has become a thriving cosmopolitan brand that influxes a variety of people hailing from a variety of cultures. Singapore is an enriching an unforgettable destination. As the Singapore Tourism Board puts it, Singapore has become an experience to call your own. Challenges they are providing to conventional hotels The term Integrated Resort has become popular since the Singaporean Government liberalized their casino licenses and indicated that they want more than just a casino. Singapore envisioned integrated resorts with facilities such as hotels, theatres, convention centres, theme parks, museums, retail, and food and beverage in addition to a casino (MacDonald Eadington, 2008). The goal was to attract visitors to come to Singapore not just for gambling but also for other leisure travel experiences. Hence integrated resorts such as Marina Bay Sands and Sentosa have brought about a revolutionary change bringing everything under one roof. This has posed a problem to the conventional hotels in Singapore as they have not been able to generate business because of these resorts as customers would prefer the resorts with everything under one roof. The integrated resorts pose a major problem to the 5 stars in the same price range as these hotels have world class facilities which have contributed to the Singapore Travel and Tourism Industry. This is one of the main reasons because of which not many deluxe hotels are existent especially in Singapore as they know they would not be able to compete to these resorts. Integrated Resorts have been adopted from the Resort concept in Las Vegas. Las Vegas Sands, the extremely renowned company based in Las Vegas has built the Marina Bay Sands, hence the architecture, the infinity pool and the sky park are the main attractions which has not only helped to increase the number of guests checking in but also the footfalls in the casino, the sky walk area making Singapore one of the attractive tourism spots. It is directly contributing to a large extent to the economy. Hence the conventional hotels are not only in danger in Singapore but across the world and have to put in efforts to compete with the integrated resorts tactfully. Technological innovations that have entered along with integrated resorts The technological innovations that have made their entry via integrated resorts have been at the heart of the development of Singapore. These innovations such as the introduction of fitness centres, clubs, casinos and restaurants to the conventional hotels have made a major difference. These facilities were very popular even when they were available standalone, but their presence all together has added to the experience as a whole. The tourists have been attracted and they have truly made Singapore their own. DEBATES RELEVANT TO THE TOPIC Through our literature review that we have undertaken, we came across several counter arguments against the concept of integrated resorts. Both these resorts have casinos in them and there were a group of people who were very worried about the implications that would come up. They believed that this could cause gambling addictions which in turn could ruin families. Further the presence of casinos could cause an increase in crime rates. thus to counter this the casino owners created a rule in which Singapore citizens have to pay $100 for entry into the casino while for every other customer it is free. This has helped them counter the problem of gambling addiction and did not even increase the crime rates till a great extent. Another argument that we came across was that with the entry of integrated resorts traditional hotels will lose its charm. And the authenticity of hotels will be lost. The purpose will change and the traditional beliefs will no longer hold true. They did not view it as a new era in the hotel business but as a negative change. COMPONENTS OF THE RESEARCH TOPIC AND THEIR RELATIONSHIP The components of this research topic that we have identified so far include: Number of tourists Length of stay of the tourists Political factors such as the relevant stability existent in the country Types of tourists Technological growth in the e-commerce sector Types of facilities available IDENTIFICATION OF LITERATURE TO BE REVIEWED The literature reviewed ranges from the time period of when the concept of integrated resorts was initialised and the factors that led to it to when it was being built and what was expected from it to the after effects of it. The literature review also comprises the global trends in hotel industry, the tourism statistics and some acts about integrated resorts in general. The review comprises of all these as they are apt with the research topic and help us gain insights as well as better our understanding. they will give us a base to conduct our further research and not do what has already been done. INITIAL DESIGN OF STRUCTURE The design of structure or the outline that we are going to follow while going ahead with our project is as follows Introduction to industry Introduction to integrated resorts Introduction to Marina Bay Sands Introduction to Resort World Sentosa Literature review Survey and questionnaire to tourist and citizens Personal interview with management of both the resorts Personal interview with industry experts Factor analysis and detailed study on factors Data compilation and analysis Regression analysis Hypothesis testing Conclusion IDENTIFICATION OF METHODOLOGY PURPOSE OF STUDY The project will initially be exploratory in nature with extensive review of literature and available data followed by certain amount of data collection. However, after which we will move towards descriptive research to get more conclusive results. This is because exploratory research will help us create a strong secondary research background and also help us understand the previously proven and explored data in this topic area.it will help us become more familiar with the area of interest and gain more knowledge on the same. It will help us understand the working of hospitality industry in Singapore which has a very unique working style and has created a name for itself with respect to tourism. As well understand the impact that the introduction of integrated resorts caused on this countrys economy and popularity. With the help of descriptive research we will be able to achieve definite conclusions on the impact that the integrated resorts has on the tourism of Singapore. Primary data collection will be undertaken here. This way we will be able to get factual data in order to provide proof for our conclusion. METHODS OF DATA COLLECTION The methods of data collection that we are using are:- COLLECTION OF SECONDARY DATA We are collecting secondary data from various sources which involve both libraries as well as online data bases such as EBSCO, Euromonitor and Google Scholar. We are going through previous research paper, published articles, academic articles etc. with the help of these we have been able to find trends in the hotel industry globally as well as in Singapore, We now have insights into how integrated resorts have impacted not only Singapore but the rest of the world as well. We have even been able to understand why Singapore decided to come up with the concept of integrated resorts and the various factors that were considered. We came across datas that showed us what was aimed to be achieved with the help of integrated resorts and what has been achieved as well. With further secondary data collection we hope to find deeper insights into our topic as well discover how Marina bay sands became the face of Singapore within such a short span of time. The advantages of this method are:- It will help us improve our understanding of the impact integrated resorts ad on Singapore It will help us gin insights into this topic It will help fill out all unnecessary gaps that will arise in our research It will provide us with a base to further our research on The disadvantages of this method will be:- It is a very extensive and time consuming work Data found is generally not very apt or relevant Data found can be outdated INTERVIEW METHOD With the help of following the interview method we are going to personally speak to some industry experts as well try to get in touch with the staff and management of the two integrated resorts of Singapore- Marina Bay Sands and Resort World Sentosa. We will also Interview a few customers staying at both these hotels, members of travel agencies as well as a few Singapore residents. With this we aim to get first hand information on the integrated resorts and Singapore. We will know what are the point of views of different people who are affected by the introduction of these resorts so as to gather a full proof analysis on the different impacts created positive as well as negative. The advantages of this method are:- Accuracy level increases Likely to get more response Opportunity to judge non-verbal communications as well Will be able to tap the spontaneous responses. The disadvantages are:- Cannot be undertaken for a large number of respondents Can turn out to be very expensive and time consuming There may be restrictions in terms of information revealing and responding from the respondents end QUESTIONNAIRES We are going to create questionnaires consisting of 10-15 questions that will be distributed amongst tourists and localities in order to gather their view point on the arrival of integrated resorts in Singapore and its impact on the country in order to find out how they view this change which has come up in the past 5 years. The advantages of this method are:- Large amount of data can be collected from a lot of people within a short span of time. Easily quantifiable results The validity and reliability is retained no matter who conducts it. The disadvantages are:- Can lead to the collection of a very large un-manageable amount of data. Honesty of the respondent cannot be determined A question has to be framed in such a way that it is not misinterpreted by others. PROCESS INVOLVED IN THE RESEARCH STEP 1 LITERATURE REVIEW The first step is going to be to review the literature that has been previously been conducted which is relevant to our topic and which both support and counter our hypothesis. We also want to review the literature that shows us the positive and negative impacts that integrated resorts have on the hospitality industry of Singapore. This has been discussed in more detail in the identification of literature to be reviewed section of this proposal. STEP 2 DATA COLLECTION The data for literature review is basically being sourced from National Library of Singapore, other libraries, EBSCO database and Google Scholar. At this step a base will be created for our project and will thus help us create a framework. After which we will be collecting data directly from sources by taking and interacting with individuals associated with entry of integrated resorts. Further we will also try to gather view points on how the entry has changed the face of hospitality in senses like amenities, technologies etc. we will also try to understand from these people what are the changes that have been taking place since the entry of integrated resorts. Then we will try to collect data from sources from industry specialist in order to get statistics, figures and numbers. STEP 3 SAMPLE SELECTION The primary focus for interview and questionnaires are going to be to the employees and management of the integrated resorts, industry experts and members of hospitality industry. However we even want to gather information from general public. This shall comprise of a) tourists and b) Singapore residents. Tourists the tourist will be selected in two parts, customers of the hotel and other tourists. The respondents in each category will be selected using the cluster method of sample where members with similar characteristics are grouped together. Singapore Residents the respondents will be selected with the help of cluster analysis. The minimum no of respondents that will be taken into consideration is 70. TIME SCALE December 2012- submission of literature review and review of atleast 20 articles Jan 2013 starting of field work and further literature review Feb 2013 compilation of interview and questionnaires March 2013 preparation of final document and covering objectives April 2013 presentation and defence of resear LIMITATIONS IN THE METHODOLOGY The limitations that are present in the methodology are:- Accessibility to the management of Marina Bay Sands and Resort World Sentosa. Accessibility to the industry experts Low knowledge of respondents Likelihood of low response rate Limited availability of literature review ETHICAL ISSUES Objectivity from the researchers perspective. The interviewer and researcher should not be bias about the respondent or the answers provided. Maintenance of integrity and confidentiality of the data provided by the management and industry experts. Respect for intellectual property right like patents and copyrights. DATA ANALYSIS METHODS USED There are a variety of methods that can be used in order to carry out a detailed data analysis of our proposed project: Regression modelling We can use this model in order to establish a relationship between a dependent and an independent variable. This model is being applied mainly due to the decline in the tourism industry in the years 2005 and 2006. To create this model, the dependent variable in this case will be the number of tourists entering Singapore in a particular year and the independent variables will be a variety of factors affecting these tourists such as the amenities provided, sightseeing locations, and cultural diversity. Hypothesis Testing The null and the alternate hypothesis have already been stated in the previous sections of this proposal. Hypothesis testing will help us determine whether the integrated resorts development has played a critical part in increasing the number of tourists in Singapore. Factor Analysis Factor analysis basically involves combining a variety of factors in order to shorten down the number of factors affecting the tourism industry in Singapore. The Regression analysis will help us analyse the relationship between these factors and the number of tourists, whereas the Factor Analysis will help us to identify these factors in the first place. The factors in this case will probably be limited to 5 or 6 in order to get a generalized viewpoint. The number of factors may be shortened down from as many as 30, which we will generate from our own knowledge, our primary as well as our secondary research. CONCLUSION We took up this project expecting to find a significant change in consumer behaviour and interest generated in Singapore as a tourist destination created by these two brands Marina Bay Sands and Resort World Sentosa. We believe the concept of an integrated resort will appeal more to the growing number of upper middle class masses in quickly growing economies like India, Singapore and many other Asian countries. While neighbouring cities like Macau, Vietnam, Hong Kong, Kuala Lumpur and Thailand have long since invested in contemporary tourist destinations, Singapore has consistently lost ground to these competitors due to lack of innovation in the tourism industry. We believe these two integrated resort projects will put Singapore back on a level playing field with its competing tourist destinations and we hope to prove that through this project. Additionally, we also believe the collaboration between the hospitality and gaming sector will have a major impact on the citys economy. The resorts are likely to open up several new auxiliary industries and benefit the country in several indirect ways. We hope to prove how these integrated projects will create several new employment options and also allow the locals to develop a certain degree of specialized skill set which will make their value grow in the global market. This in turn is expected to increase the national GDP as more employment will eventually lead to a higher per-capita income which in turn will raise the standard of living amidst the locals and increase the sense of belonging and create a better lifestyle. We also believe that this collaboration between the gaming (Casino, Universal, etc.) and the hospitality industry will lead to an increased level of interest from a wider category of tourists. While so far Singapore was known more for its shopping avenues and tourist spots like Orchard road and Bugis street, people will also start perceiving the city as a gaming destination.

Schindlers List :: Film Movie Movies

I wanted to film Schindler’s List for the reason that the Holocaust was a ghastly occasion in history and should not be over and done. The Jews suffered to the highest degree, they were exposed of their soul rights, treated be fond of animals, slaughtered in the vein of animals. I Intend to remind people of what the Jews had to go all the way through , how Hitler shed them out from the social order. What happened to the Jews should never happen for a second time to anyone. I chose to spotlight Oscar Schindler, because this chap did an extraordinary thing. He saved countless Jews from foreseeable imprisonment and execution. He is evidence that one being can make a difference. During the film the lingo I used was in English with a German twang to show their race. There was lots of rumpus in German and I didn’t bring into play subtitles to endeavour and get the viewers to undergo confusion, like when Stern was approached by a Nazi and shrieked at, Stern had denial plan what he was motto. Goeths verbal communication was very prevailing, he beam of how the Jews come to Krakow and bring zilch, he referred to them as flora and fauna. I Juxtaposed His tongue with disordered images of Jews in the ghetto His verbal communication was spoken at a snail's pace so every word would really be submerged in with the addressees. furthermore there’s repetition on â€Å"today† and â€Å"they† this helps to call attention to the summit. He uses undersized sentences to make the speech more theatrical. All of it is ceremonial to inflict say-so. Schindlers speech was very touchy, He took no blame for reduction of the Jews and admitted his innocence fo r being in the Nazi party. As the Jews first went into the ghetto, it was scandalous to see a little lass shouting ‘goodbye Jews’ her right to be heard could still be heard in the after that view. This showed how much she had been unfair by Hitler’s cant. I made the film black and white to de-familiarise the spectators and make them feel prickly. The lasso in ruby paint was a momentous symbol during the film. She first appeared at a little arena in the liquidation of the ghetto and represents all the mayhem of the Jews, anger, hate and yet at the same time guilt and worship.

Pay for Payment

The Missouri Computational Company MCC, founded in 1952, is a very successful American company. It develops, produces, and sells medium- and large-size computers. The company currently operates as a multinational corporation in North and South America, Europe, Southeast Asia, Australia, and the Middle East. Sales activities are regionally structured. The factories are in St. Louis and Newark (NJ); the most important research activities take place in St. Louis. Production, R & D, personnel and finance are coordinated at the American head office. https://donemyessay.com/numbers-101-900-spanish-1-lopez/Business units handle the regional sales responsibilities. This decentralized structure does have to observe certain centralized limitations regarding logs, letter types, types of products, and financial criteria. Standardization of labor conditions, function classification, and personnel planning is coordinated centrally, whereas hiring is done by the regional branches. Each regional branch has its own personnel and finance departments. The management meets every two weeks, and this week is focusing on globalization issues. Internationalization Mr. Johnson paid extra attention in the management meeting.As vice-president of human resources worldwide he could be facing serious problems. Management recognizes that the spirit of globalization is becoming more active every day. Not only do the clients have more international demands, but production facilities need to be set up in more and more countries. This morning a new logo was introduced to symbolize the worldwide image of the company. The next item on the agenda was a worldwide marketing plan. Mr. Smith, the CEO, saw a chance to bring forward what his MBA taught him to be universally applicable management tools.In addition to global images and marketing, he saw global production, finance, and human-resources management as supporting the international breakthrough. Johnson’s hair started to rise as he listened to his colleague’s presentation. â€Å"The organization worldwide should be flatter. An excellent technique for this would be to follow the project approach that has been so successful in the USA. † Johnson’s question about the acceptance of this approach in southern Europe and South America was brushed aside with a short reply regarding the extra time that would be allotted to introduce it in hese cultures. The generous allocation of six months would be provided to make even the most unwilling culture understand and appr eciate the beauty of shorter lines of communication. Finally, all of this would be supported by a sthrong pay-for-performance system so that, in addition to more effective structures, the employees would also be directed towards the right goals. Johnson’s last try to introduce a more â€Å"human† side to the discussion concerning the implementation of the techniques and ppolicy instruments was useless. The finance manager, Mr.Finley, expressed the opinion of the entire management team: â€Å"We know that cultural differences are decreasing with the increasing reach of the media. We should be world leaders and create a future environment that is a microcosm of Missouri. † Mr. Johnson frowned at the prospect of next week’s international meeting in Europe. (p. 15-16) Background: Missouri Computational Company Since the late 1970s MCC has been operating in more than 20 countries. As its foreign sales have grown, top management has become increasingly concerne d about international coordination.Overseas growth, while robust, has been unpredictable. The company has therefore decided to coordinate the processes of measuring and rewarding achievement worldwide. Greater consistency in managing country operations is also on the agenda. There is not a complete disregard for national differences; the general manager worked in Germany for five years, and the marketing manager spent seven years in the Singapore operation. It has been agreed to introduce a number of ppolicy principles which will permeate MCC plants worldwide.He CEO envisages a shareable definition of â€Å"How we do things in MCC† to let everyone in MCC, wherever they are in the world, know what the company stands for. Within this, there will be centrally coordinated policies for human resources, sales, and marketing. This would benefit customers since they, too, are internationalizing in many cases. They need to know that MCC could provide high levels of service and effecti veness to their businesses, which increasingly cross borders. MCC needs to achieve consistent, recognizable standards regardless of the country in which it is operation.There is already a history of standardizing policies. The Reward System Two years ago, confronted with heavy competition, the company decided to use a more differentiated reward system for the personnel who sold and serviced mid-size computers. One of the reasons was to see whether the motivation of the American sales force could be increased. In addition, the company became aware that the best sales people often left the firm for better-paying competitors. They decided on a two-year trial with the 15 active sales people in the St. Louis area. Experiment with Pay-for-PerformanceThe experiment consisted of the following elements: †¢ A bonus was introduced which depended on the turnover figures each quarter for each sales person: 100% over salary for the top sales person; 60% for the second best; 30% for numbers t hree and four; and no bonus for the remainder. †¢ The basic salary of all sales people of mid-size computers was decreased by 10%. During the first year of the trial period there were continuous discussions among the affected employees. Five sales people left the company because they were convinced the system treated them unjustly. Total sales did not increase as a result of all this.Despite this disaster, management continued the experiment because they believed that this kind of change was necessary and would take time to be accepted. Pay-for-performance in Sweden: Universalism vs. Particularism MCC has recently acquired a small but successful Swedish software company. Its head founded it three years ago with his son Carl and was joined by his newly graduated daughter Clara and his youngest son Peter 12 months ago. Since the acquisition, MCC has injected considerable capital and also given the company its own computer distribution and servicing in Sweden.This has given a real boost to the business. MCC is now convinced that rewards for sales people must reflect the increasing competition in the market. It has decreed that at least 30% of remuneration must depend on individual performance. At the beginning of this year Carl married a very rich wife. The mmarriage is happy and this has had an effect on his sales record. He will easily earn the 30% bonus, though this will be small in relation to his total income, supplemented by his wife’s and by his share of the acquisition payment. Peter has a less happy mmarriage and much less money.His only average sales figures will mean that his income will be reduced when he can ill afford it. Clara, who married while still in school, has two children and this year lost her husband in an air crash. This tragic event caused her to have a weak sales year. At the international sales conference, national MCC managers present their salary and bonus ranges. The head of the Swedish company believes that performance should be rewarded and that favoritism should be avoided; he has many non-family members in his company. Yet he knows that unusual circumstances in the lives of his children have made this contest anything but fair.The rewards withheld will hurt more deeply than the rewards bestowed will motivate. He tries to explain the situation to the American HR chief and the British representative, who both look skeptical and talk about excuses. He accedes to their demands. His colleagues from France, Italy, and the Middle East, who all know the situation, stare in disbelief. They would have backed him on the issue. Members of his family later say they feel let down. This was not what they joined the company for. (pp. 30-32) Meeting in Milan: Individualism vs. Communitarianism During a meeting in Milan, Mr.Johnson presented ideas for the payment scheme to motivate the sales force. He became annoyed at the way these meetings were always run and decided to introduce guidelines on how all future m eetings should be conducted. He did not like the Singaporean and African representatives always turning up in groups. They should, he said, confine themselves to one representative only, please. And could Mr. Sin from Singapore make sure that his boss was always represented by the same person and not different people on each occasion? These suggestions were not very popular among some of the managers. Mr.Sin, Mr. Nuere from Nigeria and Mr. Calamier from France wanted to know the reasons for these comments. Mr. Sin asked why, since different issues were on the agenda, they should not have different representatives knowledgeable on the various items. The discussion was going nowhere and, after an hour had passed, Mr. Johnson suggested it be put to a vote, confident that most of his European managers would back him But this, too, proved controversial. Mr. Calamier threw up his hands and said he was â€Å"shocked that on such a sensitive and important issue you seek to impose this deci sion upon a minority. He said there really should be a consensus on this even if it took another hour. Mr. Sin agreed that â€Å"voting should be saved for trivial questions. † Johnson looked to the German and Scandinavian representatives for support, but to his surprise, they agreed that consensus should be given more of a chance. He was too frustrated to respond to the Dutch manager’s suggestion that they should vote on whether to vote. Finally, the Nigerians recommended that, at the very least, discussion and/or voting should be postponed until the next meeting.How else were those present supposed to solicit the views of their colleagues in their home offices? Wearily, Mr. Johnson agreed. Further discussions about the reward system would have to wait too. (pp. 60-61) Mr. Johnson finally managed to compromise on the representation issue by allowing each national office to send up to three people, if they wished, but no more. This decision had not been voted on. Every one agreed. Now he could start to tackle the introduction of pay-for-performance, bonuses, and merit pay for next year. He started, as usual, with an overview of the situation in the USA.It had been three years since the system was first introduced. In general, he explained, they could detect a link between the use of this system and computer sales, although it had to be mentioned that a ssimilar system had failed miserably in the manufacturing department. A different type of achievement-based reward system was currently being tested. No problems were anticipated with this revised system. â€Å"In summary,† Johnson said, â€Å"we are sthrongly convinced that we need to introduce this system worldwide. † The northwest European representatives voiced their carefully considered, but positive, comments.Then the Italian representative, Mr. Gialli, began describing his experience with the system. In his country, the pay-for-performance experiment did much better than he had expected during the first three months. But the following three months were disastrous. Sales were dramatically lower for the salesperson who had performed the best during the previous period. â€Å"After many discussions,† he continued, â€Å"I finally discovered what was happening. The salesperson who received the bonus for the previous period felt guilty in front of the others and tried extremely hard the next quarter not to earn a bonus. The Italian manager coincluded that, for the next year of this experiment, the Italian market should be divided into nine regions. All sales representatives within one region should be allowed to allocate the bonus earned in their region either to individual performers or to share it equally. The blunt Dutch manager’s reaction was: â€Å"I have never heard such a crazy idea. † (P. 63) The Italians’ Reaction: Affective versus Emotion-Neutral Cultures Raising his voice, Mr. Pauli, Gialli’s colleague, asked: â₠¬Å"What do you mean, a crazy idea? We have carefully considered the pros and cons, and consider that it would greatly benefit the buyer. â€Å"Please, don’t get over-excited,† pleaded Mr. Johnson. â€Å"We need to provide solid arguments and should not get side-tracked by emotional irrelevancies. † Before Bergman had a chance to explain why he thought it was a crazy idea, the two Italian colleagues left the room for a time-out. â€Å"This is what I call a typical Italian reaction,† Mr. Bergman remarked to his colleagues. â€Å"Before I even had a chance to give my arguments as to why I think the idea is crazy, they walk out. † The other managers were squirming uncomfortably in their chairs. They did not know what to think.Mr. Johnson got up and left the room to talk to the Italians. (p. 72) Understanding Cultural Differences: Diffuse versus Specific Roles As the representative from head office, Mr. Johnson felt very responsible for the developments at the meeting. The Italians’ behavior seemed strange to him. Mr. Bergman just wanted to discuss an important aspect of the consistency of the reward system, and they had not even given him a chance to explain his position. Moreover the Italians had refused to put any solid arguments on the table themselves. When Johnson entered Mr.Gialli’s room he said: â€Å"Paolo, what’s the problem? You shouldn’t take this too seriously. It’s just a business discussion. † â€Å"Just a business discussion? † Gialli asked with unconcealed rage. â€Å"This has nothing to do with a business discussion. It is typical for that Dutchman to attack us. We have our own ways of being effective, and then he calls us crazy. † â€Å"I didn’t hear that,† Johnson said. â€Å"He simply said that he found your group bonus idea crazy. I know Bergman and he didn’t intend that to refer to you. † â€Å"If that’s so, answered Gialli, â€Å"why is he behaving so rudely?Johnson realized how deeply his Italian colleagues had been offended. He went back to Bergman, took him aside, and told him about his conversation with Gialli. â€Å"Offended! † said Berman. â€Å"Let them have the self-control to respond to professional arguments. I don’t understand why they are so hot-headed anyway. They know we have done extensive research on this. Let them listen first. You have to remember that these Latins never want to be bothered with facts. † (p. 86) Mr. Munoz Mediates: How We Accord Status The Italian managers were far from assuaged.One even referred unpleasantly to â€Å"the American cult of youth: mere boys who think they know everything. † So when the Spanish HR manager, Mr. Munoz, offered to mediate, Johnson readily agreed. It occurred to him that Spanish culture might be closer to Italian culture, apart from the fact that Munoz was some 20 years his senior, so could hardly be accu sed of inexperience. While hopeful that Munoz might succeed, Johnson was astonished to see him bring the Italians back into the conference room in minutes. Munoz was not, in Johnson’s view, the most professional of HR managers, but he was clearly expert at mending fences.It was at once apparen't, however, that Munoz was now backing the Italians’ call for modifications to the pay-for-performance plan. The problem as he saw it, and the Italians agreed, was that under the current plan winning salespeople were going to earn more than their bosses. Subordinates, they believed, should not be allowed to undermine their superiors in this way. Mr. Munoz explained that back in Spain his sales force would probably simply refuse to embarrass a boss like this; or perhaps one or two, lacking in loyalty to the organization, might, in which case they would humiliate their boss into resignation.Furthermore, since the sales manager was largely responsible for the above-average performan ce of his team, was it not odd, to say the least, that the company would be rewarding everyone except the leader? The meeting broke for lunch, for which Johnson had little appetite. (p. 106) After Lunch: Attitudes Toward Time At 1:50 p. m. most participants returned to the meeting room. At 2:05 p. m. Johnson started pacing restlessly up and down. Munoz and Gialli were still down the hall making telephone calls. They came in at 2:20 p. m.Johnson said, â€Å"Now, gentlemen, can we finally start the meeting. † The Singaporean and African representatives looked puzzled. They thought the meeting had already started. The first point on the agenda was the time intervals determining bonuses and merits. All except the American, Dutch, and other northwest European representatives complained that these were far too frequent. To Johnson and his Dutch and Scandinavian colleagues, the frequency was obviously right. â€Å"Rewards must closely follow the behavior they are intended to reinfo rce; otherwise, you lose the connection. The manager from Singapore responded, â€Å"Possibly, but this go-for-the-quick-buck philosophy has been losing us customers. They don’t like the pressure we put on at the end of the quarter. They want our representatives to serve them, not to have private agendas. We need to keep our customers long-term, not push them into buying so that one salesperson can beat a rival. † (pp. 133-4) Facing change: Inner and Outer Directed Mr. Djawa from Indonesia then raised two objections to Mr. Johnson regarding the pay-for-performance approach. â€Å"It does not work in our sales territories.It leads to customers being overloaded with products they never wanted and do not need. Furthermore, when things are not going well for our people, it is a mistake to hurry them or blame them. There are good times and bad times. Paying them for performance does not change inevitable trends† This did not impress Johnson and his Western colleagues . â€Å"We want to develop something at HQ that will motivate everyone. Are you saying that linking reward to success has no influence at all? Surely you must agree there is some connection. † Mr. Djawa replied, â€Å"It certainly has effects, but these tend to be swamped by economic booms and busts.As the flamingo twists its head round to look at Alice, the hoops wander off, and the balls crawl away. The result is chaos. â€Å"Other cultures aren’t part of a machine, or the organs of a supra-natural body. They’re different animals, all with logic of their own. If we asked them what game they are playing, and got them to explain the rules, we might discover that we aren’t holding a mallet at all, or we might even get the hedgehog to go in the right direction. † Trompenaars, F. , ; Hampden Turner, C. (1998). Riding the waves of culture: Understanding cultural diversity in global business. New York: McGraw Hill.